Nonstandard Computation

Main Article: Computation

In the context of this wiki, nonstandard computation refers to any computational process utilizing complex physical mechanisms that cannot be decomposed into discrete units. The go-to example is the ball-and-disk integrator, which provides a mechanical way to compute the integral of mathematical functions. Conversely, standard computation refers to processes that permit such decompositions, such as artificial (digital or analog) computers.

Note that the conceptual emphasis on nonstandard computation throughout this wiki does entail a belief that devices utilizing nonstandard computation are superior to regular computers in any given context. In fact, such devices often suffer from a lack of generality: the ball-and-disk integrator can only compute the integral of functions, whereas a regular computer can perform a vast set of different tasks. Instead, the concept of nonstandard computation matters due to the relationship between computation and consciousness. Specifically, associating consciousness with physical mechanisms may provide an avenue to find frame-invariant boundaries that separate a particular substrate from its environment, thus solving the binding problem.

Furthermore, neglecting the potential of physical mechanisms for computations may present an obstacle when trying to understand consciousness and the brain. I.e., if the brain employs nonstandard computation to a significant extent, assuming otherwise will handicap efforts to reverse-engineer its functions. This may explain the slow rate of progress on this front within neuroscience, specifically with respect to higher cognition.